Identification of male produced compounds in the bark beetle Polygraphus subopacus and establishment of (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol as an aggregation pheromone component

Abstract Bark beetles of the genus Polygraphus have recently been involved in large bark beetle outbreaks central Sweden, together with European spruce Ips typographus . Three species can be found this region; poligraphus , punctifrons and subopacus Efficient pheromone traps would facilitate further investigations these their role outbreaks. Pheromone compounds previously identified P. but not Thus, we allowed males females to bore stem sections Norway ( Picea abies ) laboratory. Volatile organic from boring insects were sampled SPME analysed GC–MS several male-specific observed. The male specific 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-butenal, grandisol, fragranol, Z )-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, E )-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, geranial ?-isogeraniol. [( )-DMCHE], was analysis major compound while )-isomer, as a minor compound. These two gave positive responses EAG analyses antennae )- )-DMCHE used field experiment Sweden only attractive Consequently, established component aggregation pheromone.